The Colosseum, also known as the Flavian Amphitheatre, is an iconic symbol of Ancient Rome. This grand structure was used for public spectacles such as gladiator contests, mock sea battles, and executions. Its construction was completed in AD 80 under Emperor Titus, and it could hold over 50,000 spectators. Today, it stands as a testament to the engineering prowess of the ancient Romans and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Fun fact: parts of the Colosseum are missing because they were used as building materials during the Middle Ages.
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The Pantheon, originally built as a temple to all the gods of Ancient Rome, is one of the best-preserved of all Ancient Roman buildings and has been in continuous use throughout history. It was rebuilt by Emperor Hadrian around AD 126, and its famous dome is still the world's largest unreinforced concrete dome. The oculus at the dome's apex serves as a unique light source, creating a moving spotlight effect across the interior. Fun fact: The Pantheon is also the final resting place of famous Renaissance artist Raphael.
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Once the center of public life in Ancient Rome, the Roman Forum was the site of triumphant processions, elections, public speeches, and criminal trials. It was adorned with statues and monuments commemorating the city's great men. The area, now in ruins, gives a powerful impression of the architectural and cultural achievements of the ancient Romans. Fun fact: it's believed that the Forum's ground level was originally several meters lower, but centuries of debris have raised it.
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The Vatican Museums are a group of art and Christian museums located within Vatican City. Established by Pope Julius II in the early 16th century, they display works from the immense collection amassed by the Catholic Church and the papacy throughout the centuries, including some of the most renowned Roman sculptures and most important masterpieces of Renaissance art in the world. The Sistine Chapel, with its famous ceiling painted by Michelangelo, is part of the museums. Fun fact: The Vatican Museums' spiral staircase is one of the most photographed in the world.
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The Trevi Fountain is the largest Baroque fountain in the city and one of the most famous fountains in the world. Located in the Quirinale district of Rome, the fountain features a mythological sculpture design, including the god Neptune in the center, and is built against the back of a palace. According to legend, throwing a coin into the fountain ensures a return to Rome. The fountain is an iconic part of Rome’s cultural heritage. Fun fact: An estimated 3,000 euros are thrown into the fountain daily.
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The Spanish Steps are a set of steps in Rome, climbing a steep slope between the Piazza di Spagna at the base and Piazza Trinità dei Monti, dominated by the Trinità dei Monti church at the top. Built with French funds between 1723–1725 to link the Bourbon Spanish Embassy to the Holy See with the French church, Trinità dei Monti, they are a famous meeting point and tourist attraction. Fun fact: The Spanish Steps have been a favorite spot for artists, poets, and lovers for centuries, becoming an icon of romanticism.
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